--- unixtoolbox.xhtml   3 Oct 2009 18:34:31 -0000   1.32
+++ unixtoolbox.xhtml   7 Apr 2010 15:15:34 -0000
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@
   <meta name="copyright" content="Copyright (c) 2007-2009 Colin Barschel. Some rights reserved under Creative Commons [Attribution - Share Alike]" />
   <meta name="description" content="A collection of Unix/Linux/BSD commands and tasks which are useful for IT work or for advanced users, a compact and practical reference." />
   <meta name="abstract" content="Unix Toolbox a compact and practical reference for sysadmins and advanced users." />
-  <meta name="subject" content="Unix Toolbox revision 14.1" />
+  <meta name="subject" content="Unix Toolbox revision 14.2" />
   <meta name="keywords" content="Unix Toolbox, Unix tools, Unix, FreeBSD, Linux, commands list, sysadmin, practical guide, advanced reference, common Linux tasks, syntax reminder, howtos, ssh tunnels, rsync, ssl certificates" />
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@@ -403,7 +403,7 @@
 This document is a collection of Unix/Linux/BSD commands and tasks which are useful for IT work or for advanced users. This is a practical guide with concise explanations, however the reader is supposed to know what s/he is doing.<br /><br />
 </div>
 <div class="footerfirst">
-Unix Toolbox revision 14.1<br />
+Unix Toolbox revision 14.2<br />
 The latest version of this document can be found at <a href="http://cb.vu/unixtoolbox.xhtml">http://cb.vu/unixtoolbox.xhtml</a>. Replace .xhtml on the link with <a href="http://cb.vu/unixtoolbox.pdf">.pdf</a> for the PDF version and with <a href="http://cb.vu/unixtoolbox.book.pdf">.book.pdf</a> for the booklet version. On a duplex printer the booklet will create a small book ready to bind. <span class="web">This XHTML page can be converted into a nice PDF document with a CSS3 compliant application (see the <a class="xref" href="#bourneexample">script example</a>).</span> See also the <a href="http://cb.vu/unixtoolbox">about page</a>.<br />
 Error reports and comments are most welcome - <a href="mailto:c\at\cb.vu">c@cb.vu</a> Colin Barschel.
 <p class="copyright">&#169; <a href="mailto:c_at_cb.vu">Colin Barschel</a> 2007-2009. <a rel="license" href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/">Some rights reserved under Creative Commons</a>.
@@ -496,8 +496,9 @@
 <h3>FreeBSD</h3>
 <pre># sysctl hw.model                    <span class="cmt"># CPU model</span>
 # sysctl hw                          <span class="cmt"># Gives a lot of hardware information</span>
+# sysctl hw.ncpu                     <span class="cmt"># number of active CPUs installed</span>
 # sysctl vm                          <span class="cmt"># Memory usage</span>
-# dmesg | grep "real mem"            <span class="cmt"># Hardware memory</span>
+# sysctl hw.realmem                  <span class="cmt"># Hardware memory</span>
 # sysctl -a | grep mem               <span class="cmt"># Kernel memory settings and info</span>
 # sysctl dev                         <span class="cmt"># Configured devices</span>
 # pciconf -l -cv                     <span class="cmt"># Show PCI devices</span>
@@ -585,7 +586,7 @@
 kern.ipc.somaxconn=8192              <span class="cmt"># TCP queue. Better for apache/sendmail</span>
 # sysctl kern.openfiles              <span class="cmt"># How many file descriptors are in use</span>
 # sysctl kern.ipc.numopensockets     <span class="cmt"># How many open sockets are in use</span>
-# sysctl -w net.inet.ip.portrange.last=50000 <span class="cmt"># Default is 1024-5000</span>
+# sysctl net.inet.ip.portrange.last=50000 <span class="cmt"># Default is 1024-5000</span>
 # netstat -m                         <span class="cmt"># network memory buffers statistics</span>
 </pre>
 See The <a href="http://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/configtuning-kernel-limits.html">FreeBSD handbook Chapter 11</a><span class="fn">http://www.freebsd.org/handbook/configtuning-kernel-limits.html</span> for details.
@@ -643,7 +644,13 @@
   <li>c &#160; &#160; &#160; Block further logins (signal <code>TSTP</code>)</li>
   <li>q &#160; &#160; &#160; Rescan the ttys(5) file (signal <code>HUP</code>)</li>
 </ul>
-
+<h3>Windows</h3>
+Start and stop a service with either the <code>service name</code> or <code>"service description"</code> (shown in the Services Control Panel) as follows:
+<pre>net stop WSearch
+net start WSearch                    <span class="cmt"># start search service</span>
+net stop "Windows Search"
+net start "Windows Search"           <span class="cmt"># same as above using descr.</span>
+</pre>
 <h2 id="resetpasswd">Reset root password</h2>
 <h3>Linux method 1</h3>
 At the boot loader (lilo or grub), enter the following boot option:
@@ -1267,7 +1274,8 @@
 # ip route flush cache
 # iptables -L -t nat            <span class="cmt"># Check NAT status</span>
 </pre>
-Delete the port forward with -D instead of -A.
+Delete the port forward with -D instead of -A. The program <a href="http://tweegy.nl/projects/netstat-nat/">netstat-nat</a><span class="fn">http://tweegy.nl/projects/netstat-nat</span> is very useful to track connections (it uses <code>/proc/net/ip_conntrack</code> or <code>/proc/net/nf_conntrack</code>).
+<pre># netstat-nat -n                <span class="cmt"># show all connections with IPs</span></pre>
 
 <h3>FreeBSD</h3>
 <pre># natd -s -m -u -dynamic -f /etc/natd.conf -n fxp0
@@ -1566,8 +1574,7 @@
 2048 14:4a:aa:d9:73:25:46:6d:0a:48:35:c7:f4:16:d4:ee /etc/ssh/ssh_host_dsa_key.pub
 </pre>
 Now the client connecting to this server can verify that he is connecting to the right server:
-<pre>
-# ssh linda
+<pre># ssh linda
 The authenticity of host 'linda (192.168.16.54)' can't be established.
 DSA key fingerprint is 14:4a:aa:d9:73:25:46:6d:0a:48:35:c7:f4:16:d4:ee.
 Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes
@@ -1580,7 +1587,10 @@
 </pre>
 In Konqueror or Midnight Commander it is possible to access a remote file system with the address <strong>fish://user@gate</strong>. However the implementation is very slow.<br />
 Furthermore it is possible to mount a remote folder with <strong>sshfs</strong> a file system client based on SCP. <a href="http://fuse.sourceforge.net/sshfs.html">See fuse sshfs</a><span class="fn">http://fuse.sourceforge.net/sshfs.html</span>.
-
+<pre>ssh_exchange_identification: Connection closed by remote host</pre>
+With this error try the following on the server:
+<pre>echo 'SSHD: ALL' >> /etc/hosts.allow
+/etc/init.d/sshd restart</pre>
 <h2 id="sshtunnel">Tunneling</h2>
 SSH tunneling allows to forward or reverse forward a port over the SSH connection, thus securing the traffic and accessing ports which would otherwise be blocked. This only works with TCP. The general nomenclature for forward and reverse is (see also <a href="#sshnat">ssh and NAT example</a>):
 <pre># ssh -L localport:desthost:destport user@gate  <span class="cmt"># desthost as seen from the gate</span>
@@ -2571,6 +2581,13 @@
 <pre># rpm -i pkgname.rpm                 <span class="cmt"># install the package (RH, SuSE, RPM based)</span>
 # rpm -e pkgname                     <span class="cmt"># Remove package</span>
 </pre>
+<h3>SuSE zypper <a href="http://en.opensuse.org/Zypper/Usage">(see doc and cheet sheet)</a><span class="fn">http://en.opensuse.org/Zypper/Usage</span></h3>
+<pre># zypper refresh                     <span class="cmt"># Refresh repositorie</span>
+# zypper install vim                 <span class="cmt"># Install the package vim</span>
+# zypper remove vim                  <span class="cmt"># Remove the package vim</span>
+# zypper search vim                  <span class="cmt"># Search packages with vim</span>
+# zypper update vim                  <span class="cmt"># Search packages with vim</span>
+</pre>
 <h3>Debian</h3>
 <pre># apt-get update                     <span class="cmt"># First update the package lists</span>
 # apt-get install emacs              <span class="cmt"># Install the package emacs</span>
@@ -2861,7 +2878,7 @@
 # cmd1 | cmd2                         <span class="cmt"># pipe stdout to cmd2</span>
 # cmd1 2&gt;&amp;1 | cmd2                    <span class="cmt"># pipe stdout and stderr to cmd2</span>
 </pre>
-Modify your configuration in ~/.bashrc (it can also be ~/.bash_profile). The following entries are useful, reload with ". .bashrc".
+Modify your configuration in ~/.bashrc (it can also be ~/.bash_profile). The following entries are useful, reload with ". .bashrc". With cygwin use ~/.bash_profile; with rxvt past with shift + left-click.
 <pre style="page-break-inside:avoid;"># in .bashrc
 bind '"\e[A"':history-search-backward <span class="cmt"># Use up and down arrow to search</span>
 bind '"\e[B"':history-search-forward  <span class="cmt"># the history. Invaluable!</span>
@@ -3213,7 +3230,7 @@
 <!-- <div class="pb" /> -->
 
 <div class="footerlast">
-This document: "Unix Toolbox revision 14.1" is licensed under a <a rel="nofollow" href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/">Creative Commons Licence [Attribution - Share Alike]</a>. &#169; <a href="mailto:c_at_cb.vu">Colin Barschel</a> 2007-2009. Some rights reserved.
+This document: "Unix Toolbox revision 14.2" is licensed under a <a rel="nofollow" href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/">Creative Commons Licence [Attribution - Share Alike]</a>. &#169; <a href="mailto:c_at_cb.vu">Colin Barschel</a> 2007-2009. Some rights reserved.
 </div>
 
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