--- unixtoolbox.xhtml   21 May 2009 12:11:42 -0000   1.31
+++ unixtoolbox.xhtml   3 Oct 2009 17:36:27 -0000
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@
   <meta name="copyright" content="Copyright (c) 2007-2009 Colin Barschel. Some rights reserved under Creative Commons [Attribution - Share Alike]" />
   <meta name="description" content="A collection of Unix/Linux/BSD commands and tasks which are useful for IT work or for advanced users, a compact and practical reference." />
   <meta name="abstract" content="Unix Toolbox a compact and practical reference for sysadmins and advanced users." />
-  <meta name="subject" content="Unix Toolbox revision 14" />
+  <meta name="subject" content="Unix Toolbox revision 14.1" />
   <meta name="keywords" content="Unix Toolbox, Unix tools, Unix, FreeBSD, Linux, commands list, sysadmin, practical guide, advanced reference, common Linux tasks, syntax reminder, howtos, ssh tunnels, rsync, ssl certificates" />
   <style type="text/css" >
 /* basic CSS common to all media */
@@ -403,7 +403,7 @@
 This document is a collection of Unix/Linux/BSD commands and tasks which are useful for IT work or for advanced users. This is a practical guide with concise explanations, however the reader is supposed to know what s/he is doing.<br /><br />
 </div>
 <div class="footerfirst">
-Unix Toolbox revision 14<br />
+Unix Toolbox revision 14.1<br />
 The latest version of this document can be found at <a href="http://cb.vu/unixtoolbox.xhtml">http://cb.vu/unixtoolbox.xhtml</a>. Replace .xhtml on the link with <a href="http://cb.vu/unixtoolbox.pdf">.pdf</a> for the PDF version and with <a href="http://cb.vu/unixtoolbox.book.pdf">.book.pdf</a> for the booklet version. On a duplex printer the booklet will create a small book ready to bind. <span class="web">This XHTML page can be converted into a nice PDF document with a CSS3 compliant application (see the <a class="xref" href="#bourneexample">script example</a>).</span> See also the <a href="http://cb.vu/unixtoolbox">about page</a>.<br />
 Error reports and comments are most welcome - <a href="mailto:c\at\cb.vu">c@cb.vu</a> Colin Barschel.
 <p class="copyright">&#169; <a href="mailto:c_at_cb.vu">Colin Barschel</a> 2007-2009. <a rel="license" href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/">Some rights reserved under Creative Commons</a>.
@@ -2358,13 +2358,14 @@
   <li><strong>G</strong> &#160; &#160; &#160; Move to the last line of the file</li>
   <li><strong>:%s/OLD/NEW/g</strong> &#160; &#160; &#160; Search and replace every occurrence</li>
 </ul>
-<h3>Delete text</h3>
+<h3>Delete copy paste text</h3>
 <ul style="list-style-type: none;">
-  <li><strong>dd</strong> &#160; &#160; &#160; delete current line</li>
-  <li><strong>D</strong> &#160; &#160; &#160; Delete to the end of the line</li>
-  <li><strong>dw</strong> &#160; &#160; &#160; Delete word</li>
-  <li><strong>x</strong> &#160; &#160; &#160; Delete character</li>
-  <li><strong>u</strong> &#160; &#160; &#160; Undo last</li>
+  <li><strong>dd (dw)</strong> &#160; &#160; &#160; Cut current line (word)</li>
+  <li><strong>D</strong> &#160; &#160; &#160; Cut to the end of the line</li>
+  <li><strong>x</strong> &#160; &#160; &#160; Delete (cut) character</li>
+  <li><strong>yy (yw)</strong> &#160; &#160; &#160; Copy line (word) after cursor</li>
+  <li><strong>P</strong> &#160; &#160; &#160; Paste after cursor</li>
+  <li><strong>u</strong> &#160; &#160; &#160; Undo last modification</li>
   <li><strong>U</strong> &#160; &#160; &#160; Undo all changes to current line</li>
 </ul>
 
@@ -2398,8 +2399,9 @@
 <h3>Extract</h3>
 <pre># tar -tzf home.tgz             <span class="cmt"># look inside the archive without extracting (list)</span>
 # tar -xf home.tar              <span class="cmt"># extract the archive here (x for extract)</span>
-# tar -xzf home.tgz             <span class="cmt"># same with zip compression</span>
-# tar -xjf home.tbz             <span class="cmt"># same with bzip2 compression</span>
+# tar -xzf home.tgz             <span class="cmt"># same with zip compression (-xjf for bzip2 compression)</span>
+                                <span class="cmt"># remove leading path gallery2 and extract into gallery</span>
+# tar --strip-components 1 -zxvf gallery2.tgz -C gallery/ 
 # tar -xjf home.tbz home/colin/file.txt    <span class="cmt"># Restore a single file</span>
 </pre>
 <h3>More advanced</h3>
@@ -2432,7 +2434,7 @@
 </pre>
 
 <h3>Recover</h3>
-The command <code>dd</code> will read <i>every single block</i> of the partition, even the blocks. In case of problems it is better to use the option <code>conv=sync,noerror</code> so dd will skip the bad block and write zeros at the destination. Accordingly it is important to set the block size equal or smaller than the disk block size. A 1k size seems safe, set it with <code>bs=1k</code>. If a disk has bad sectors and the data should be recovered from a partition, create an image file with dd, mount the image and copy the content to a new disk. With the option <code>noerror</code>, dd will skip the bad sectors and write zeros instead, thus only the data contained in the bad sectors will be lost.
+The command <code>dd</code> will read <i>every single block</i> of the partition. In case of problems it is better to use the option <code>conv=sync,noerror</code> so dd will skip the bad block and write zeros at the destination. Accordingly it is important to set the block size equal or smaller than the disk block size. A 1k size seems safe, set it with <code>bs=1k</code>. If a disk has bad sectors and the data should be recovered from a partition, create an image file with dd, mount the image and copy the content to a new disk. With the option <code>noerror</code>, dd will skip the bad sectors and write zeros instead, thus only the data contained in the bad sectors will be lost.
 
 <pre># dd if=/dev/hda of=/dev/null bs=1m                   <span class="cmt"># Check for bad blocks</span>
 # dd bs=1k if=/dev/hda1 conv=sync,noerror,notrunc | gzip | ssh \ <span class="cmt"># Send to remote</span>
@@ -2459,7 +2461,7 @@
 </pre>
 
 <h2 id="screen">screen</h2>
-Screen has two main functionalities:
+Screen (a must have) has two main functionalities:
 <ul>
 <li>Run multiple terminal session within a single terminal.</li>
 <li>A started program is decoupled from the real terminal and can thus run in the background. The real terminal can be closed and reattached later.</li>
@@ -2596,13 +2598,14 @@
 <pre># export PACKAGESITE=ftp://ftp.freebsd.org/pub/FreeBSD/ports/i386/packages/Latest/ 
 # or ftp://ftp.freebsd.org/pub/FreeBSD/ports/i386/packages-6-stable/Latest/
 </pre>
-<h3>FreeBSD ports</h3>
-The port tree <code>/usr/ports/</code> is a collection of software ready to compile and install. The ports are updated with the program <code>portsnap</code>.
+<h3>FreeBSD <a href="http://www.freebsd.org/handbook/ports.html">ports</a><span class="fn">http://www.freebsd.org/handbook/ports.html</span></h3>
+The port tree <code>/usr/ports/</code> is a collection of software ready to compile and install (see man ports). The ports are updated with the program <code>portsnap</code>.
 <pre># portsnap fetch extract             <span class="cmt"># Create the tree when running the first time</span>
 # portsnap fetch update              <span class="cmt"># Update the port tree</span>
 # cd /usr/ports/net/rsync/           <span class="cmt"># Select the package to install</span>
 # make install distclean             <span class="cmt"># Install and cleanup (also see man ports)</span>
-# make package                       <span class="cmt"># Make a binary package for the port</span>
+# make package                       <span class="cmt"># Make a binary package of this port</span>
+# pkgdb -F                           <span class="cmt"># Fix the package registry database</span>
 </pre>
 
 <h2 id="librarypath">Library path</h2>
@@ -2638,12 +2641,13 @@
 </pre>
 
 <h2>PDF to Jpeg and concatenate PDF files</h2>
-Convert a PDF document with <code>gs</code> (GhostScript) to jpeg (or png) images for each page. Also much shorter with <code>convert</code> (from ImageMagick or GraphicsMagick).
+Convert a PDF document with <code>gs</code> (GhostScript) to jpeg (or png) images for each page. Also much shorter with <code>convert</code> and <code>mogrify</code> (from ImageMagick or GraphicsMagick).
 <pre># gs -dBATCH -dNOPAUSE -sDEVICE=jpeg -r150 -dTextAlphaBits=4 -dGraphicsAlphaBits=4 \
  -dMaxStripSize=8192 -sOutputFile=unixtoolbox_%d.jpg unixtoolbox.pdf
 # convert unixtoolbox.pdf unixtoolbox-%03d.png
 # convert *.jpeg images.pdf          <span class="cmt"># Create a simple PDF with all pictures</span>
 # convert image000* -resample 120x120 -compress JPEG -quality 80 images.pdf
+# mogrify -format png *.ppm          <span class="cmt"># convert all ppm images to png format</span>
 </pre>
 Ghostscript can also concatenate multiple pdf files into a single one. This only works well if the PDF files are "well behaved".
 <pre># gs -q -sPAPERSIZE=a4 -dNOPAUSE -dBATCH -sDEVICE=pdfwrite -sOutputFile=all.pdf \
@@ -2735,8 +2739,9 @@
 <span class="cmt">mysql></span> FLUSH PRIVILEGES;                           <span class="cmt"># Use username instead of "root"</span>
 <span class="cmt">mysql></span> quit
 </pre>
-<h3>Create user and database</h3>
+<h3>Create user and database (see <a href="http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.1/en/adding-users.html">MySQL doc</a><span class="fn">http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.1/en/adding-users.html</span>)</h3>
 <pre># mysql -u root mysql
+<span class="cmt">mysql></span> CREATE USER 'bob'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'pwd'; <span class="cmt"># create only a user</span>
 <span class="cmt">mysql></span> CREATE DATABASE bobdb;
 <span class="cmt">mysql></span> GRANT ALL ON *.* TO 'bob'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'pwd'; <span class="cmt"># Use localhost instead of %</span>
                                                    <span class="cmt"># to restrict the network access</span>
@@ -3208,7 +3213,7 @@
 <!-- <div class="pb" /> -->
 
 <div class="footerlast">
-This document: "Unix Toolbox revision 14" is licensed under a <a rel="nofollow" href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/">Creative Commons Licence [Attribution - Share Alike]</a>. &#169; <a href="mailto:c_at_cb.vu">Colin Barschel</a> 2007-2009. Some rights reserved.
+This document: "Unix Toolbox revision 14.1" is licensed under a <a rel="nofollow" href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/">Creative Commons Licence [Attribution - Share Alike]</a>. &#169; <a href="mailto:c_at_cb.vu">Colin Barschel</a> 2007-2009. Some rights reserved.
 </div>
 
 </body>

Success, CVS operation completed