--- unixtoolbox.xhtml   27 Nov 2008 20:03:15 -0000   1.28
+++ unixtoolbox.xhtml   28 Jan 2009 00:10:02 -0000   1.30
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@
   <meta name="copyright" content="Copyright (c) 2007-2008 Colin Barschel. Some rights reserved under Creative Commons [Attribution - Share Alike]" />
   <meta name="description" content="A collection of Unix/Linux/BSD commands and tasks which are useful for IT work or for advanced users, a compact and practical reference." />
   <meta name="abstract" content="Unix Toolbox a compact and practical reference for sysadmins and advanced users." />
-  <meta name="subject" content="Unix Toolbox revision 13.3" />
+  <meta name="subject" content="Unix Toolbox revision 13.4" />
   <meta name="keywords" content="Unix Toolbox, Unix tools, Unix, FreeBSD, Linux, commands list, sysadmin, practical guide, advanced reference, common Linux tasks, syntax reminder, howtos, ssh tunnels, rsync, ssl certificates" />
   <style type="text/css" >
 /* basic CSS common to all media */
@@ -402,7 +402,7 @@
 This document is a collection of Unix/Linux/BSD commands and tasks which are useful for IT work or for advanced users. This is a practical guide with concise explanations, however the reader is supposed to know what s/he is doing.<br /><br />
 </div>
 <div class="footerfirst">
-Unix Toolbox revision 13.3<br />
+Unix Toolbox revision 13.4<br />
 The latest version of this document can be found at <a href="http://cb.vu/unixtoolbox.xhtml">http://cb.vu/unixtoolbox.xhtml</a>. Replace .xhtml on the link with <a href="http://cb.vu/unixtoolbox.pdf">.pdf</a> for the PDF version and with <a href="http://cb.vu/unixtoolbox.book.pdf">.book.pdf</a> for the booklet version. On a duplex printer the booklet will create a small book ready to bind. <span class="web">This XHTML page can be converted into a nice PDF document with a CSS3 compliant application (see the <a class="xref" href="#bourneexample">script example</a>).</span> See also the <a href="http://cb.vu/unixtoolbox">about page</a>.<br />
 Error reports and comments are most welcome - <a href="mailto:c\at\cb.vu">c@cb.vu</a> Colin Barschel.
 <p class="copyright">&#169; <a href="mailto:c_at_cb.vu">Colin Barschel</a> 2007-2008. <a rel="license" href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/">Some rights reserved under Creative Commons</a>.
@@ -756,11 +756,10 @@
 # fuser -va /home                    <span class="cmt"># List processes accessing the /home partition</span>
 # strace df                          <span class="cmt"># Trace system calls and signals</span>
 # truss df                           <span class="cmt"># same as above on FreeBSD/Solaris/Unixware</span>
-# history | tail -50                 <span class="cmt"># Display the last 50 used commands</span>
 </pre>
 
 <h2 id="nice">Priority</h2>
-Change the priority of a running process with <code>renice</code>. Negative numbers have a higher priority, the lowest is -20 and "nice" have a positive value.
+Change the priority of a running process with <code>renice</code>. <b>Negative numbers have a higher priority</b>, the lowest is -20 and "nice" have a positive value.
 <pre># renice -5 586                      <span class="cmt"># Stronger priority</span>
 586: old priority 0, new priority -5
 </pre>
@@ -769,12 +768,17 @@
 # nice -n 5 top                      <span class="cmt"># Weaker priority (/usr/bin/nice)</span>
 # nice +5 top                        <span class="cmt"># tcsh builtin nice (same as above!)</span>
 </pre>
-While nice changes the CPU scheduler, an other useful command <code>ionice</code> will schedule the disk IO. This is very useful for intensive IO application which can bring a machine to its knees while still in a lower priority. The command is only available on Linux (AFAIK). You can select a class (idle - best effort - real time), the man page is short and well explained.
-<pre># ionice c3 -p123                    <span class="cmt"># set idle class for pid 123</span>
+While nice changes the CPU scheduler, an other useful command <code>ionice</code> will schedule the disk IO. This is very useful for intensive IO application (e.g. compiling). You can select a class (idle - best effort - real time), the man page is short and well explained.
+<pre># ionice c3 -p123                    <span class="cmt"># set idle class for pid 123 (Linux only)</span>
 # ionice -c2 -n0 firefox             <span class="cmt"># Run firefox with best effort and high priority</span>
 # ionice -c3 -p$$                    <span class="cmt"># Set the actual shell to idle priority</span>
 </pre>
-For example last command is very useful to compile (or debug) a large project. Every command launched from this shell will have a lover priority and will not disturb the system. $$ is your shell pid (try echo $$).
+The last command is very useful to compile (or debug) a large project. Every command launched from this shell will have a lover priority. <code>$$</code> is your shell pid (try echo $$).<br/>
+FreeBSD uses <code>idprio/rtprio</code> (0 = max priority, 31 = most idle):
+<pre># idprio 31 make                     <span class="cmt"># compile in the lowest priority</span>
+# idprio 31 -1234                    <span class="cmt"># set PID 1234 with lowest priority</span>
+# idprio -t -1234                    <span class="cmt"># -t removes any real time/idle priority</span>
+</pre>
 
 <h2 id="bgfg">Background/Foreground</h2>
 When started from a shell, processes can be brought in the background and back to the foreground with [Ctrl]-[Z] (^Z), <code>bg</code> and <code>fg</code>. List the processes with <code>jobs</code>.
@@ -791,9 +795,7 @@
 </pre>
 
 <h2 id="top">Top</h2>
-The program <code>top</code> displays running information of processes. See also the program <code>htop</code> from htop.sourceforge.net (a more powerful version of top) which uns on Linux and FreeBSD (<code>ports/sysutils/htop/</code>).
-<pre># top</pre>
-While top is running press the key h for a help overview. Useful keys are:
+The program <code>top</code> displays running information of processes. See also the program <code>htop</code> from htop.sourceforge.net (a more powerful version of top) which runs on Linux and FreeBSD (<code>ports/sysutils/htop/</code>). While top is running press the key h for a help overview. Useful keys are:
 <ul>
   <li><b>u [user name]</b> To display only the processes belonging to the user. Use + or blank to see all users</li>
   <li><b>k [pid]</b> Kill the process with pid.</li>
@@ -1468,6 +1470,7 @@
 # domainname               <span class="cmt"># The NIS domain name as configured</span>
 # ypcat group              <span class="cmt"># should display the group from the NIS server</span>
 # cd /var/yp &amp;&amp; make       <span class="cmt"># Rebuild the yp database</span>
+# rpcinfo -p servername    <span class="cmt"># Report RPC services of the server</span>
 </pre>
 Is ypbind running?
 <pre># ps auxww | grep ypbind
@@ -1845,12 +1848,12 @@
     
 <h3>tar and encrypt a whole directory</h3>
 <pre># tar -cf - directory | openssl aes-128-cbc -salt -out directory.tar.aes      <span class="cmt"># Encrypt</span>
-# openssl aes-128-cbc -d -salt -in directory.tar.aes | tar -x                 <span class="cmt"># Decrypt</span>
+# openssl aes-128-cbc -d -salt -in directory.tar.aes | tar -x -f -            <span class="cmt"># Decrypt</span>
 </pre>
     
 <h3>tar zip and encrypt a whole directory</h3>
 <pre># tar -zcf - directory | openssl aes-128-cbc -salt -out directory.tar.gz.aes  <span class="cmt"># Encrypt</span>
-# openssl aes-128-cbc -d -salt -in directory.tar.gz.aes | tar -xz             <span class="cmt"># Decrypt</span>
+# openssl aes-128-cbc -d -salt -in directory.tar.gz.aes | tar -xz -f -        <span class="cmt"># Decrypt</span>
 </pre>
 
 <ul>
@@ -2117,7 +2120,7 @@
 <ul>
   <li>Direct local access to the file system. The user(s) need sufficient file permission to access the CS directly and there is no further authentication in addition to the OS login. However this is only useful if the repository is local.</li>
   <li>Remote access with ssh with the ext protocol. Any use with an ssh shell account and read/write permissions on the CVS server can access the CVS directly with ext over ssh without any additional tunnel. There is no server process running on the CVS for this to work. The ssh login does the authentication.</li>
-  <li>Remote access with pserver. This is the preferred use for larger user base as the users are authenticated by the CVS pserver with a dedicated password database, there is therefore no need for local users accounts. This setup is explained below.</li>
+  <li>Remote access with pserver (default port: 2401/tcp). This is the preferred use for larger user base as the users are authenticated by the CVS pserver with a dedicated password database, there is therefore no need for local users accounts. This setup is explained below.</li>
 </ul>
 
 <h3>Network setup with inetd</h3>
@@ -2231,7 +2234,7 @@
 Now the access to the repository is made possible with:
 <ul>
   <li><code>file://</code> Direct file system access with the svn client with. This requires local permissions on the file system.</li>
-  <li><code>svn://</code> or <code>svn+ssh://</code> Remote access with the svnserve server (also over SSH). This requires local permissions on the file system.</li>
+  <li><code>svn://</code> or <code>svn+ssh://</code> Remote access with the svnserve server (also over SSH). This requires local permissions on the file system (default port: 2690/tcp).</li>
   <li><code>http://</code> Remote access with webdav using apache. No local users are necessary for this method.</li>
 </ul>
 Using the local file system, it is now possible to import and then check out an existing project. Unlike with CVS it is not necessary to cd into the project directory, simply give the full path:
@@ -2529,6 +2532,7 @@
 # cp unixtoolbox.xhtml{,.bak}        <span class="cmt"># Short way to copy the file with a new extension</span>
 # mv /dir1 /dir2                     <span class="cmt"># Rename a directory</span>
 # ls -1                              <span class="cmt"># list one file per line</span>
+# history | tail -50                 <span class="cmt"># Display the last 50 used commands</span>
 </pre>
 Check file hashes with openssl. This is a nice alternative to the commands <code>md5sum</code> or <code>sha1sum</code> (FreeBSD uses <code>md5</code> and <code>sha1</code>) which are not always installed.
 <pre># openssl md5 file.tar.gz            <span class="cmt"># Generate an md5 checksum from file</span>
@@ -3187,7 +3191,7 @@
 <!-- <div class="pb" /> -->
 
 <div class="footerlast">
-This document: "Unix Toolbox revision 13.3" is licensed under a <a rel="nofollow" href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/">Creative Commons Licence [Attribution - Share Alike]</a>. &#169; <a href="mailto:c_at_cb.vu">Colin Barschel</a> 2007-2008. Some rights reserved.
+This document: "Unix Toolbox revision 13.4" is licensed under a <a rel="nofollow" href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/">Creative Commons Licence [Attribution - Share Alike]</a>. &#169; <a href="mailto:c_at_cb.vu">Colin Barschel</a> 2007-2008. Some rights reserved.
 </div>
 
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